{"id":13388,"date":"2023-05-12T04:11:43","date_gmt":"2023-05-12T03:11:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/partizansko.info\/partizan\/dr-leo-stern\/"},"modified":"2023-10-21T18:33:00","modified_gmt":"2023-10-21T17:33:00","slug":"dr-leo-stern","status":"publish","type":"partizan","link":"https:\/\/partizansko.info\/en\/partizan\/dr-leo-stern\/","title":{"rendered":"dr Leo \u0160TERN\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n

Dr. LEON LEO \u0160TERN, son of ZIGMUND, born in 1908* in Sarajevo, lawyer. He came to Mostar after the capitulation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In the Battalion since the beginning of 1942, a fighter in the platoon of Ante Zuani\u0107<\/a>, killed in an attempt to break out from the besieged house in Janjina near Konjic on April 10, 1942. Executed by the Ustasha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are several accounts of the dramatic death of the fighters from Ante Zuani\u0107’s platoon in the hours-long battles against far superior Ustasha forces. In this clash, HUSNIJA KANJE, a gardener, and MUSTAFA KANJE<\/a>, a worker, both from Mostar, were also killed. After capturing the fighters, apart from Ante Zuani\u0107, the following were executed: FEHIM JACl\u0106, a worker from Sarajevo, EKREM JUSUFOVI\u0106<\/a>, a lance corporal, a worker from Mostar, MEHMED SKOPLJAK, a worker from Visoko, Dr. LEO \u0160TERN, a lawyer from Sarajevo, MIRKO TOPALOVI\u0106, a peasant from Kula, HILMIJA HAKALO<\/a> and ISMET KRESO<\/a> jumped into the Neretva River before the execution and managed to swim, even with their hands tied, to Glavati\u010devo and report about the battle in Janjina. Both of them will die later in the National Liberation War (NOB).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1999, a Holocaust monument was erected at the Jewish cemetery in Mostar, which also bears the name of Dr. Leon \u0160tern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Excerpt from literature:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the breakout:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“When they encountered strong resistance in Drami\u0161evo on April 8, 1942, the Ustasha forces headed towards Janjina and attacked the platoon of Ante Zuani\u0107. Suddenly, they surged from all sides out of the forest and surrounded the house where the platoon was located. It was a single-story rural house covered with planks. The partisans accepted the fight – nine of them against 170 Ustasha soldiers. It was an uneven battle. The platoon positioned themselves in the house and bravely opened fire on the enemy. A fierce battle ensued. The fighters shot through the windows, doors, and from the walls under the roof. As long as it was visible outside, the enemy, greeted with precise fire from the partisans, could not approach the house. In that battle, the platoon killed five and wounded several enemy soldiers. However, trouble came with the darkness. As the darkness grew, the Ustasha forces approached the house more and more. Additionally, the partisans ran out of ammunition. One of the Ustasha militiamen, who was a local resident and knew every inch of the land around the house, approached the wall under the cover of darkness and set the house on fire. The roof and other materials began to burn like a torch. The house turned into a blazing inferno. This led to even greater trouble – the fighters were being suffocated by thick smoke. It became increasingly hot and unbearable. The air was so scorching that the defenders felt like they were under burning hot lead. Burned planks and beams started falling on the fighters’ heads, scorching their flesh. Despite that, they continued to heroically fight and repel all enemy attacks. The danger of being burned alive loomed\u2026 (\u2026) They decided to attempt a breakout. They had no more ammunition, so they threw a grenade and jumped out through the window. It was impossible to break through the dense circle of enemy soldiers, so they were overpowered.”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

*According to the book “Spomenica Mostara 1941-1945.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dr. LEON LEO \u0160TERN, son of ZIGMUND, born in 1908* in Sarajevo, lawyer. He came to Mostar after the capitulation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In the Battalion since the beginning of 1942, a fighter in the platoon of Ante Zuani\u0107, killed in an attempt to break out from the besieged house in Janjina near […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":9313,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[318,331,316],"tags":[317,333],"prezime":[442],"class_list":["post-13388","partizan","type-partizan","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-26-35-g-en","category-poginuli-1942-en","category-poginuli-u-bih-en","tag-bataljon-en","tag-jevreji-en","prezime-s-3-en","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"ptb_metabox":{"ptb_partizan_izvori":"

grupa autora: Spomenica Mostara 1941-1945;\u00a0 grupa autora (1986): Hercegovina u NOB 4. dio<\/a>, Beograd, \u010dlanak Vlatko Lazarevi\u0107: \u201eJuna\u010dko dr\u017eanje desetine u Janjini.\u201c; http:\/\/www.most.ba\/108\/083.aspx<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Photo<\/em>:\u00a0 https:\/\/forum.tm\/vijesti\/unistivsi-partizansko-groblje-razbili-su-kameni-cvijet-7724<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Photo of the memorial plaque,<\/em> 2018.: S. Demirovi\u0107<\/p>","ptb_partizan_datum_rodzenja":"(1907. Sarajevo \u2013 1942. Janjina)","ptb_partizan_godina":"35","ptb_partizan_galerija_1":{"url":["http:\/\/partizansko.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/p-stern-leo.jpg","http:\/\/partizansko.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/holocaust.jpg","http:\/\/partizansko.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/jevrejsko-groblje-spisak-boraca.jpg"],"link":["","",""],"title":["","Holocaust monument in Mostar","names of fallen Jewish fighters from Mostar"],"description":["","",""]},"ptb_partizan_poruka_":"Do you have more information about this fighter? Share<\/a> your stories and photographs. Let's keep the memory alive!","ptb_partizan_ploca":{"1":"http:\/\/partizansko.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Stern-dr-Leo-IMG_2978-rotated.jpg","2":"http:\/\/partizansko.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Stern-dr-Leo-IMG_2978-rotated.jpg"},"ptb_partizan_spisak_info":["partizan_spisak_info_1","partizan_spisak_info_2","partizan_spisak_info_3"]},"ptb_taxonomy":{"category":[{"term_id":318,"name":"26-35 y\/o","slug":"26-35-g-en","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":318,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":160,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":331,"name":"died in 1942","slug":"poginuli-1942-en","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":331,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":100,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":316,"name":"died in BiH","slug":"poginuli-u-bih-en","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":316,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":518,"filter":"raw"}],"post_tag":[{"term_id":317,"name":"Fallen fighters of the Mostar Battalion.","slug":"bataljon-en","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":317,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"[gallery link=\"file\" size=\"medium\" ids=\"7114,7116,7122\"]\r\n\r\nMostar Battalion was formed as the \"Konji\u010dki\" in September 1941. Until the formation of the 13th Herzegovina Brigade in May 1944, 827 fighters passed through the Battalion, and 445 of them perished, including 211 from Mostar. Of the 86 women, 43 were killed. Mostar residents also fought in many other units of the NOVJ (People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia) and among the ranks of the activists of the National Liberation War in Mostar and other cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina... According to the records of the organization SUBNOR Mostar, every third citizen was an activist of the National Liberation War, 670 fighters were killed, 1517 were victims of fascist terror, and 206 were civilian war victims. D\u017eemil \u0160arac, article \"Sa Mostarcima\" (\"With the People from Mostar\"), Hercegovina No. 9, p. 221.\r\n\r\n\"And we were all young. Those of us who were 17, 18 years old, some seemed old even though they were not older than 25. The ones over 30 were rare. There were girls and boys with different characteristics and temperaments, robust and calm, talkative and silent, recklessly brave and rational, ordinary and above-average, semi-literate and university-educated, workers and highly skilled craftsmen, high school students and university students, skilled singers and those who couldn't carry a tune, jokers and serious-minded individuals. From all our nations and religions: Muslims, Croats, Serbs, Jews, Orthodox Christians, Catholics, Muslims, Jews, atheists, and semi-atheists. Some were from straight from Mostar and others from the surrounding locations, from Konjic and outside Konjic.\" (Hercegovina Magazine No. 7, p. 238)\r\n\r\nGroups of new fighters arrived from Mostar every 10-15 days, and the Unit quickly grew into a solid military force. The guides for the groups from Mostar were Mehmed Arap, Vasa Maslo, Serif Buri\u0107, Husa Orman, Vojo Ivani\u0161evi\u0107, and Pero Krajina, who were among the bravest and most resourceful fighters. The groups regularly brought not only weapons but also medical supplies, sugar for the hospital, writing materials, large quantities of paper, books taken from the National Library (which formed the library at Borci), and other supplies for the needs of the Unit. (Source: https:\/\/www.cidom.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Hercegovina-u-NOB-1.pdf<\/u><\/a>)\r\n\r\nAfter the war, a street in Mostar was named after the Mostar Battalion.","parent":0,"count":240,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":333,"name":"Fallen Jews from Mostar.","slug":"jevreji-en","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":333,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"\"\"\r\n\r\nNumerous Jewish families lived in Mostar before the World War II: Abel, Altarac, Altkorn, Atijas, Becher, Bergman, Brodman, Danon, Drutter, Ehrlich, Fischbein, Fromer, Friedmann, Freundernfeld, Finci, Gaon, Grunwald, Hajon, Himlauer, Kabiljo, Kamhi, Konforti, Kohn, Koen, Leihner, Laufer, Levi, Maestro, Mandelbaum, Papo, Perera, Romano, Salom, \u0160irc, and others. They were traders, restaurant owners, workers, intellectuals, doctors... Ten fallen fighters who came from these Mostar families have memorial plaques at the Partisan Memorial Cemetery. These are their stories.\r\n\r\nRecommended reading: Romano, Dr. Ja\u0161a: Jevreji Jugoslavije 1941 \u2014 1945. \u017ertve genocida i u\u010desnici NOR<\/a>, Srbo\u0161tampa, Belgrade; Romano, Dr. Ja\u0161a (1972) Jevrejski istorijski muzej, Zbornik 2<\/a>, Belgrade; Romano, Dr. Ja\u0161a, Jevreji u logoru na Rabu i njihovo uklju\u010divanje u narodnooslobodila\u010dki rat; <\/a>See a text in English about Mostar Jews here<\/a>.","parent":0,"count":11,"filter":"raw"}],"prezime":[{"term_id":442,"name":"\u0160","slug":"s-3-en","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":442,"taxonomy":"prezime","description":"","parent":0,"count":50,"filter":"raw"}]},"ptb_featured_image":{"url":"http:\/\/partizansko.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/no-picture.png","title":"no-picture","caption":""},"builder_content":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/partizansko.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/partizan\/13388","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/partizansko.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/partizan"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/partizansko.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/partizan"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/partizansko.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/partizan\/13388\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14400,"href":"https:\/\/partizansko.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/partizan\/13388\/revisions\/14400"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/partizansko.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9313"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/partizansko.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13388"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/partizansko.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13388"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/partizansko.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13388"},{"taxonomy":"prezime","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/partizansko.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/prezime?post=13388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}